Sulfate ions are involved in detoxification, especially the conjugation of toxins. Sodium plays a key role in fluid balance and is required for bile production.

• Detoxification: Sulfate ions are involved in phase II liver detoxification (conjugation) rendering metabolites more water-soluble, thereby inactivating them and facilitating their excretion in the bile, faeces or urine.
• Sodium is required for bile production, and is incorporated into the conjugation products of several bile salt.
• Fluid balance: Sodium is intimately involved in the maintenance of body fluid balance and the regulation of blood volume and osmolarity.
• Sodium and sulfate act together to maintain fluid balance within connective tissue . In the extracellular matrix, sulfated proteoglycans have a strong negative charge. This attracts cations such as sodium, which in turn attracts water, hydrating the connective tissue mesh and maintaining its integrity.
• Connective tissue: Sulfate is a structural component of many glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, glycolipids and glycoproteins found in connective tissue, contributing to its strength, elasticity and hydration.