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Coptis Extract

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From the Team at Newton's Pharmacy

Traditional Extract of Coptis Chinensis Root in Ethanol and Purified Water.

Because of its declining habitat in the wild, Golden Seal (Hydrastis canadensis) is a herb that should only be purchased from cultivated rather than wildcrafted sources. A very interesting herb from China Coptis (Coptis chinensis) contains much higher levels of berberine than Golden Seal. Berberine is believed to be responsible for the traditional use of both Goldenseal and Coptis for reducing inflammation and improving liver and gall-bladders conditions as well as other health problems.

Coptis (known as Huang lian in Mandarin) literally translates to “yellow thread”, because of the intense golden colour (due to berberine content) of its rhizomes. This plant is native to China, contains much higher levels of berberine than Golden Seal, and has over 2000 years of use in TCM. Its traditional indications are very similar to those of goldenseal and cover digestive, respiratory, and infectious disorders, as well as liver and gallbladder problems. In TCM , Coptis is considered are cold and bitter, with anti-inflammatory and antibacterial actions (A Barefoot Doctor’s Manual, 1977).

Warning: Herbal extracts may interact with other therapeutic substances, or be contraindicated in certain conditions, and as a general rule are not recommended for use by children, in pregnancy and lactation, or if you are on certain prescription medications.If wondering if any of our herbal products may be of benefit to you, please complete and submit this form and get in touch by phone or email.

Disclaimer: The statements provided on this website are based on the recorded traditional use of herbs in general and should not be viewed as therapeutic claims for the herbal teas, extracts, and blends on offer. We provide this information for educational purpose to our customers and fans of herbal and natural medicine because we believe it is important to stay connected to our roots and maintain and spread the human knowledge accumulated over centuries of traditional healing. Our herbal blends are custom made in accordance with your needs and not tested for efficacy or listed on the register of therapeutic goods.

We must ensure the safe and appropriate use of our products and may ask for additional information prior to making up your product. Please rest assure that we respect your privacy and that your information will not be shared.

Information and statements regarding dietary supplements have not been evaluated by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease or health condition.

Gastrointestinal (GIT) system:

Berberine can reduce inflammation in the intestines, significantly reduce smooth muscle contraction and intestinal motility (thus reducing cramping), and delay intestinal transit time (Habtermariam, 2016). Potential benefits in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and on gut microbiota, have also been reported (Cui et al, 2018). Gastroenteritis and Antimicrobial activity Coptis has been used extensively in Chinese medicine to treat gastroenteritis and dysentery.

Coptis extracts also strongly inhibit Candida spp. growth and biofilm (da Silva et al., 2016).

Antiparasitic:
Coptis extracts were found to be highly inhibitory against Blastocystis spp. (Su et al., 2007), while berberine has demonstrated activity against Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Trichomonas vaginalis (Kaneda et al., 1990).

Berberine hydrochloride at 10mg/kg/day for 10 days in children achieved a 90% reduction in Giardia-positive stools (Gupte, 1975).

Endocrine system:

Much research has been undertaken into the influences of Coptis as well as berberine on diabetes and metabolic syndrome in recent years, including the ability to regulate glucose and cholesterol levels, and have anti-obesity and antidiabetic effects (Hi 2018; Zhang 2019).

A meta-analysis concluded that Coptis alkaloids significantly lowered total and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, while raising HDL cholesterol (Dong et al, 2013)). Coptis also demonstrates beneficial effects for blood glucose control in the treatment of type 2 diabetic patients, potential protection against diabetic kidney disease (Dong et al, 2013; Prabhakar & Doble, 2017; Zhang 2019). Coptis may have strong benefits for women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). Berberine has shown promise due to its ability to regulate insulin and glucose, inhibit excessive testosterone production, and, as above, benefit the gut microbiota, and reduce acne (Yarnell & Abascal, 2006; Wang et al., 2014). In another clinical study, both berberine and metformin increased pregnancy rate and reduced the incidence of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome for women with PCOS undergoing fertility treatment. Berberine treatment was associated with greater decreases in BMI, lipid parameters, total FSH requirement, and an increase in live birth rate with fewer GI adverse events than metformin (An et al., 2014).

Other uses:

Antiviral In parallel to traditional uses, preclinical trials have shown Coptis alkaloids effective against viruses, including herpes simplex and human cytomegalovirus (Hayashi et al, 2007; Song et al., 2014). Antioxidant with skin protective applications Coptis, as well as its major alkaloids, demonstrates potent protective activity against oxidative damage, as demonstrated in multiple pharmacological investigations (Pang et al., 2015). It elevates antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and glutathione peroxidase, while reducing ROS. Studies demonstrate effects topically and internally, suggesting a protective effect against UVB light as well as supporting liver and erythrocyte function (Xu et al, 2013). These actions may contribute to protective effects against radiation and UV-induced skin damage (Wang et al., 2015; Wang et al 2013). Suppression of inflammation as a result of Propionibacterium acne, has also recently been reported (Lee et al., 2018). Anticancer Many studies have evaluated the anti-cancer potential of berberine. In summary, it has inhibitory effects on colorectal cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, and cervical cancer cell lines in vitro through multiple mechanisms (Wang et al., 2015; Liu et al, 2019).

References:

An, Y., Sun, Z., Zhang, Y., Liu, B., Guan, Y., & Lu, M. (2014). The use of berberine for women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing IVF treatment. Clinical Endocrinology, 80, 425-431. doi:10.1111/cen.12294

Arjoon, A. V., Saylor, C. V., & May, M. (2012). In vitro efficacy of antimicrobial extracts against the atypical ruminant pathogen mycoplasma mycoides subsp. Capri. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 12: 69. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-169

A Barefoot Doctors Manual: The American Translation of the Official Chinese Paramedical Manual. (1977). Philadelphia PA: Running Press Budeyri Gokgoz, N., Avci, F. G., Yoneten, K. K., Alaybeyoglu, B., Ozkirimli, E., Sayar, N. A., & Sariyar Akbulut, B. (2017).

Response of Escherichia coli to prolonged berberine exposure. Microbial Drug Resistance, 23(5). doi: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0063 Cao, Y., Bei, W., Hu, Y., Cao, L., Huang, L., Wang, L.,…& Guo, J. (2012).

Hypocholesterolemia of rhizoma coptidis alkaloids is related to the bile acid by up-regulated CYP7A1 in hyperlipidemic rats. Phytomedicine,19(8-9), 686-692. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2012.03.011 Cui, H., Cai, Y., Wang, L., Jia, B., Li, J., Zhao, S., …& Zhuang, P. (2018).

Berberine regulates treg/th17 balance to treat ulcerative colitis through modulating the gut microbiota in the colon. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 9, 571. doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00571 da Silva, A. R., de Andrade Neto, J. B., da Silva, C. R., Campos, R., Costa Silva, R. A., Freitas, D. D., & Nobre Júnior, H. V. (2016).

Berberine antifungal activity in fluconazoleresistant pathogenic yeasts: action mechanism evaluated by flow cytometry and biofilm growth inhibition in candida spp. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 60(6), 3551–3557. doi:10.1128/AAC.01846-15 Dong, H., Zhao, Y., Zhao, L., & Lu, F. (2013).

The effects of berberine on blood lipids: a systemic review and metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. Planta Medica, 79(6), 437-446. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1328321 Friedemann, T., Schumacher, U., Tao, Y., Leung, A., & Schröder, S. (2015).

Neuroprotective activity of coptisine from Coptis chinensis (franch). Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 827308. doi: 10.1155/2015/827308. Gupte S. (1975).

Use of berberine in treatment of giardiasis. American Journal of Diseases of Children,129(7), 866. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1975.02120440082020 Habtemariam, S. (2016).

Berberine and inflammatory bowel disease: A concise review. Pharmacological Research, 113,592-599. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. phrs.2016.09.041 Hayashi, K., Minoda, K., Nagaoka, Y., Hayashi, T., & Uesato, S. (2007).

Antiviral activity of berberine and related compounds against human cytomegalovirus. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 17(6), 1562-1564. doi: https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.12.085 Hechtman, L. (2018).

Endometriosis: The interplay between the immune and reproductive systems. Honouring the Herbs New Zealand Association of Medical Herbalists Conference. Auckland, 20 May 2018. Ho, C. E., Goh, Y. L., & Zhang, C. (2014).

From prejudice to evidence: the case of rhizoma coptidis in Singapore. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 871720. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/871720. Hu X, Zhang Y, Xue Y, Zhang Z, Wang J, (2018).

Berberine is a potential therapeutic agent for metabolic syndrome via brown adipose tissue activation and metabolism regulation. Am J Trans Res 10(11):3322-3329. Kamath, S., Skeels, M., & Pai, A. (2009).

Significant differences in alkaloid content of Coptis chinensis (huanglian), from its related American species. Chinese Medicine 4(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1749-8546-4-17 Kaneda, Y., Tanaka, T. & Saw, T. (1990).

Effects of berberine, a plant alkaloid, on the growth of anaerobic protozoa in axenic culture. Tokai Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 15(6), 417-423 Lee, J. W., Kang, Y. J., Choi, H. K., & Yoon, Y. G. (2018).

Fractionated Coptis chinensis extract and its bioactive component suppress propionibacterium acnes-stimulated inflammation in human keratinocytes. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 28(6), 839-848. doi: 10.4014/jmb.1712.12051 Li, J., Lin, Y., Wu, Y., & Wang, P. (2008).

Clinical observation of berberine in treatment of non- gonococcal urethritis and cervicitis due to chlamydia trachomatis. Chinese Archives of traditional Chinese Medicine. Retrieved from http://en.cnki. com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZYHS200808075.htm Liu, D., Meng, X., Wu, D., Qiu, Z., & Luo, H. (2019).

A natural isoquinoline alkaloid with antitumor activity: studies of the biological activities of berberine. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 10, 9. doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.00009 Liu, Y., Sun, M., Yao, H., Liu, Y., & Gao, R. (2017).

Herbal medicine for the treatment of obesity: an overview of scientific evidence from 2007 to 2017. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 8943059. Winter 2019 Journal of the New Zealand Association of Medical Herbalists AVENA 43 doi:10.1155/2017/8943059 Magesh, H., Kumar, A., Alam, A., Priyam, Sekar, U., Sumantran, V. N., & Vaidyanathan, R. (2013).

Identification of natural compounds which inhibit biofilm formation in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 51. 764-72. Morita, Y., Nakashima, K., Nishino, K., Kotani, K., Tomida, J., Inoue, M., & Kawamura, Y. (2016).

Berberine is a novel type efflux inhibitor which attenuates the mexxymediated aminoglycoside resistance in pseudomonas aeruginosa. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7, 1223. doi:10.3389/ fmicb.2016.01223 Oliver, L. 2017.

Hydrastis canadensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS. T44340011A44340071.en. Pang, B., Yu, X., Zhou, Q., Zhao, T., Wang, H., Gu, C., & Tong, X. (2015).

Effect of rhizoma coptidis (huang lian) on treating diabetes mellitus. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 921416. 10.1155/2015/921416. Prabhakar, P. K., & Doble, M. (2011). Mechanism of action of natural products used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine, 17(8), 563-74. doi: 10.1007/s11655-011-0810-3 Qin, Y. (2010).

Finding a sustainable way for Coptis chinensis cultivation in china. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 6(4), 457-459. Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/ viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.415.3675&rep=rep1&type =pdf Sack, R. B., & Froelich, J. L. (1981).

Berberine inhibits intestinal secretory response of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli enterotoxins. Infection and Immunity, 35(2), 471-475. Retrieved from https://iai.asm.org/content/ iai/35/2/471.full.pdf Shi, C., Li, M., Muhammad, I., Ma, X., Chang, Y., Li, R., & Liu, F. (2018).

Combination of berberine and ciprofloxacin reduces multi-resistant salmonella strain biofilm formation by depressing mRNA expressions of luxS, rpoE, and ompR. Journal of veterinary science, 19(6), 808–816. doi:10.4142/ jvs.2018.19.6.808 Song, S., Qiu, M., Chu, Y., Chen, D., Wang, X., Su, A., & Wu, Z. (2014).

Downregulation of cellular c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase and NF-kB activation by berberine may result in inhibition of herpes simplex virus replication. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 58(9), 5068–5078. doi:10.1128/AAC.02427-14 Su, S., Chen, G., Zhang, R., Xie, Q., & Liao, H. (2007).

The trichomnacidal effect of nine chinese herbs on the Blastocystis hominis. Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research. Retrieved from http://en.cnki.com.cn/ Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-SZGY200703056.htm Wang, H., Mu, W., Shang, H., Lin, J., & Lei, X. (2014).

The antihyperglycemic effects of rhizoma coptidis and mechanism of actions: a review of systematic reviews and pharmacological research. BioMed Research International, 798093. doi:10.1155/2014/798093 Wang, N., Tan, H., Li, L., Yuen, M., & Feng, Y. (2015).

Berberine and coptidis rhizoma as potential anticancer agents: Recent updates and future perspectives. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 176, 35-48. doi: 10.1016/j. jep.2015.10.028 Wang, X. J., Lin, S., Kang, H. F., Dai, Z. J., Bai, M. H., Ma, X. L., & Wang, B. F. (2013).

The effect of rhizoma coptidis and Coptis chinensis aqueous extract on radiation-induced skin injury in a rat model. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 13, 105. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-13- 105 Wei, W., Zhao, H., Wang, A., Sui, M., Liang, K., Deng, H., & Guan, Y. (2012).

A clinical study on the short-term effect of berberine in comparison to metformin on the metabolic characteristics of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. European Journal of Endocrinology, 166(1), 99- 105. Retrieved Apr 11, 2019, from https://eje.bioscientifica. com/view/journals/eje/166/1/99.xml Wu, H., He, K., Wang, Y., Xue, D., Ning, N, Zou, Z.,…& Pang, J. (2014).

The antihypercholesterolemic effect of jatrorrhizine isolated from rhizoma coptidis. Phytomedicine, 21(11), 1373-81. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.05.002 Wu, L. T., Tsou, M. F., Chuang, J. Y., Kuo, H. M., & Chung, J. G. (2005).

Berberine inhibits arylamine n-acetyltransferase activity and gene expression in salmonella typhi. Current Microbiology, 51(4), 255-261. doi: 10.1007/s00284-005- 4569-7 Yarnell, E., & Abascal, K. (2006).

Herbal medicine for acne vulgaris. Alternative and Complementary Therapies, 12(6), 303-309. doi:10.1089/act.2006.12.303 Xu, Y., Luiu, C. F., Wang, Y. W., Yang, B., Li, X. L., Qiao, L., & Lin, N. (2013).

Water decoction of coptidis rhizoma prevents oxidative damage in erythrocytes of mice. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 75(3), 270–276. doi:10.4103/0250-474X.117408 Zhang X, Guan T, Yang B, Chi Z, Wan Q, Gu HF. (2019).

Protective effect of berberine on high glucose and hypoxiainduced apoptosis via the modulation of HIF-1∞ in renal tubular epithelial cells. Am J Trans Res; 11(2):669-682. Zhou, X. Y., Ye, X. G., He, L. T., Zhang, S. R., Wang, R. L., Zhou, J., & He, Z. S. (2016).

In vitro characterization and inhibition of the interaction between ciprofloxacin and berberine against multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. The Journal of Antibiotics, 69(10), 741–746. doi:10.1038/ja.2016.15

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